“You’ve changed things,” drawls the Heath Ledger’s Joker during his pivotal interrogation by (or – depending on your inclination – of) Christian Bale as Batman. Watching the scene, it’s difficult to comprehend exactly how far off the pace Gotham’s protector is, and as his pitiful predicament worsens and frustration peaks (“Where are they?!” he roars over and over again), it’s easy to believe the Joker’s gleeful pronouncement: “There’s no going back”.
Just as Batman and the citizens of Gotham are stuck on a one way train with the Joker up front, The Dark Knight has changed contemporary commercial cinema, whether we like it or not. Be it ground-breaking production (vertiginous sequences filmed on the unwieldy IMAX format), a boundary-blurring viral marketing campaign (which saw obsessed fans decoding dozens of websites, locating mobile phones hidden in cakes and actually being recruited by the Joker), commercial success (statistics litter the web, but notable is the proportion of viewers who have seen the film more than once) or the enormous critical aftermath of reviews and articles, the creation of this film has exposed the fallacy underpinning every rule in the summer blockbuster handbook. Were the Joker a film buff – one suspects not – he would surely have approved.
What has not yet emerged is any critical consensus on the meaning of the film philosophically, psychologically, politically and socially, or for cinema itself.
For what it’s worth, PeriodOne wants to get in on the act, so here goes …
Startling it may have been, but The Dark Knight is not without precedent. 007’s recent spectacular revival was lauded by an audience enthusiastic for a shot of moral ambiguity with their escapism. And earlier, Fight Club brilliantly portrayed the paradoxical, self-organising chaos bred of urban ennui, in effect road-testing one of The Dark Knight’s central conceits: even if we don’t break the rules ourselves, we love watching others break them. Both Mephistophelian, both irresistible, both crowd-pleasers: Tyler Durden and the Joker are separated by a knife’s edge.
However, neither of these films went all the way: Fight Club sweetened its vision of chaos with arch references to gender and sexuality, while Casino Royale’s LeChiffre was an amoral, money-grabbing villain of the old-school. Baffled and disturbed by Bond tanking whiskey or Edward Norton beating himself black and blue, audiences were reassured by these concessions. Not so those who went to see The Dark Knight: at best, it’s conclusion suggests Batman has saved the lives of Gordon’s family – a silver lining after the film’s chaos and carnage, but a pretty thin one. A more pessimistic reading of the film’s conclusion would suggest that the only a cynical plan to deny the truth to the people of Gotham has prevented outright victory for the Joker. Holy opportunistic spin-doctoring Batman! etc etc.
While the film’s portrayal of anarchic disorder is wholely emboddied by Ledger’s performance, it outsources the forces for good to Wayne, Gordon and Harvey Dent, each endeavouring in his own way to make things better. Where Wayne’s broken family history forces him to the margins, disguised and frequently unsure of his motivation, Dent follows the straight path, determined to work good through Gotham’s existing administrative structures. Having been at this game for a while, Gordon stands between: as an honest police officer he represents the city, as a pragmatist he is willing to tolerate corruption and vigilante-ism if it brings results. He is also able to consolidate the disparate approaches of Wayne and Dent. Among these three characters, we surely all find something we can relate to. And see much we recognise.
In pitting not one but three heros against the Joker, the Nolan brothers effectively create a filmic scenario through which each and every approach to making the world a better place can be systematically destroyed. You admired the Bush administration’s determination to take tough decisions, even bend rules, to make the world a better place? Then Batman’s the one for you. Prefer a more considered approach redolent of the rhetoric of the new US President? Then Harvey Dent’s your man. If you find both of these options either too idealistic or too amoral, well, there’s Gordon in the middle, expressing precisely this view. And if you have a brand new theory not yet mentioned, then please let us know about it asap. In any case, none of these approaches prove particularly effective in the film. Not one.
But then, the adversary in The Dark Knight is the Joker – a charismatic and unpredictable foe who manipulates the media, recruits supporters with apparently no effort, embodies a philosophy incomprehensible to his opponents and strikes civilian targets to maximise terror amongst the population … it’s not like he’s real, is it? Just most realistic super-villian committed to celluloid, that’s all.
So what can we conclude? It’s all pointless? Although it ends on the tight-shot showdown between Dent and Batman, the film’s earlier climax reveals that Fight Club isn’t the only David Fincher film the Joker’s been watching – his double-ferry-bombing-impossible-moral-dilemma-extravaganza is straight from Se7en’s John Doe. And this is the moment in this singularly uncompromising film where the Nolans blink. Having for two hours portrayed Gotham as a morally-bankrupt hell hole whose citizens begin rioting and shooting at the provocations of an obvious lunatic, they now suggest that a boat of the city’s criminals are happy to sacrifice themselves. It’s certainly an intriguing scenario, and in the midst of the viewing experience, there’s no time to question the validity of what is happening. But afterwards, one does wonder: assuming a degree of motivational continuity, we can only believe that both ferries’ passengers believe they are going to die (the Joker’s previous schemes have all come very much to fruition). So, what’s the motivation? As the seconds tick by, do they really believe it’s best if they all perish? Or do they think the other boat will definitely blow them up, and are thus just waiting to sacrifice themselves? Or are they just too scared to do it? Or are they panicked and not thinking at all?
Wayne, as Batman, claims to the Joker that the passengers’ refusal to press the button is evidence that Gotham is “full of people who believe in good”. Well, not really. It’s evidence that Gotham is full of people who become scared and indecisive when faced with very probable death. As you do. Although the Joker acknowledges Batman’s point, he needn’t: the Gotham citizens as portrayed earlier in the film would have pressed the button at the drop of a hat. But even if we do accept this narrative inconsistency (and we should, given the richly nuanced moral questions it allows the filmmakers to explore), the Joker has ANOTHER card up his sleeve, namely his complete corruption of Dent. This, he postulates, will sever the final thread holding the city together. Fortunately, Wayne saves the day. By killing Dent, the one man who could have saved the city, and by offering himself as a scapegoat for Dent’s misdeeds, and thus destroying any trust Gotham still had in Batman. Ho hum … at best a mixed week for the dark knight.
And what is left when the dust settles? The Gotham police department doesn’t have a good record in terms of keeping the Joker locked up – during his previous brief spell in their cells he orchestrated a triple bombing before promptly escaping. He evidently doesn’t have to be around for his minions to lay their plans. With Dent now only a memory and Batman severely compromised, what future does Gotham have? It’s clear that this is no-one’s idea of a happy ending, and it’s surely a miracle that the film got made in its current form at all – perhaps the fact that it’s very complexity might prevent the casual viewer from grasping its implications is what allowed it to end as it does.
And what about us? One might as well state it openly: The Dark Knight is far too complex to portray an unambiguous moral message. In face, without wishing to unduly patronise the cinema-going public, it’s probably too complex for many people to get any kind of message out of. My impression is that viewers emerged dazed, confused and entertained, briefly tried to work out what they had just experienced, then gave up. It’s certainly what I did. Apocalyse Now had a similar effect. However, the analysis above would suggest the film is verging on the nihilistic – what’s the pointing in striving to work good when evil triumphs at every turn? Yet this is not the message people seem to be taking from the movie. Remember how you felt after watching Se7en? It’s not quite the same feeling.
I actually think that in the final analysis, the film is positive, and it’s the Joker that makes it so. By depicting chaos so enigmatically, Ledger acts as the audience’s guide, leading us through twisted logic, dishonest reasoning and casual cruelty to the rotten heart of his character. Even as Gotham is suffering, we as an audience get to look behind the scenes at the Joker’s craft. Gotham doesn’t see him lie, but we do. Gotham believes he has planned their destruction. We see that he couldn’t have. Fascinated as we are by his charisma, willing as we are to believe he can control a vast, well-organised network to orchestrate terror, we know it could never be real. If the obvious parallels with real-world terror organisations are examined (and scriptwriters pointedly refer to the Joker as a ‘terrorist’), they don’t ultimately stand up. Yes, these groups have wreaked unspeakable horror. But mercifully rarely, at least compared with the film’s timescale. Yes, a loose network of accomplices has been able to plan terror without central planning, logistics and co-ordination. But they have failed far more often than they have succeeded.
The Dark Knight presents a ‘What if’ scenario. What if an impossible, unbeatable phenomenon such as the Joker existed? What would happen? Well, all hell would break lose. But forces for good – in different forms – would keep fighting until the very moment all was lost. Ultimately, thinking about the film sharpens our awareness that our world in not Gotham city, but that we see ourselves in its inhabitants, and we can be thankful that most of us are spared the choices they have to make.